Kandal Province, though modest in size, plays a central role in Cambodia’s cultural heritage and economic development. It completely surrounds Phnom Penh, the national capital, but is administratively separate. Its own capital, Ta Khmau (meaning “Black Grandfather”), is located just 20 km south of Phnom Penh, making Kandal highly accessible for both local and international visitors.
With a deep historical legacy—once home to Cambodia’s royal capital Udong—and a dynamic present shaped by industry and agriculture, Kandal is both historically significant and economically vibrant.
Historical and Cultural Attractions
One of Kandal’s most notable sites is Udong, the former capital of Cambodia between 1618 and 1866. Several kings, including King Norodom, were crowned here. Today, visitors can explore ancient stupas, an 8-meter reclining Buddha, and historical relics like the Ta San Mosque, perched on serene ridges surrounded by natural beauty.
Another attraction is Angkor Chey Pagoda, located in Kean Svay District, about 29 km from Phnom Penh along National Road No. 1. Reached via a short trail and a 100-meter wooden bridge, the pagoda is notable for its five temple peaks, tranquil pond, and sacred Black Hill, believed by locals to be the site of a former royal residence. This area draws visitors who come for spiritual rituals, sacred water blessings, and quiet reflection amidst shaded groves.
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Geography
Kandal spans an area of 3,568 square kilometers, lying in the middle-south of Cambodia. It borders Kampong Chhnang and Kampong Cham to the north, Prey Veng to the east, Kampong Speu and Takeo to the west, and Vietnam to the south.
The province is characterized by flat wetland plains, ideal for rice cultivation and agriculture, and has an average elevation of just 10 meters above sea level. Kandal is also traversed by two of Cambodia’s major rivers: the Tonle Bassac and the Mekong, which define its natural boundaries and support its agricultural and trade activities.
Population
As of 2007, Kandal was home to approximately 1,280,781 people, making up about 9% of Cambodia’s total population. The gender distribution includes 621,948 males and 658,833 females, with a population density of 359 people per square kilometer—reflecting the province’s strategic location and connectivity to Phnom Penh.
Climate
Kandal enjoys a tropical monsoon climate, typical of Cambodia, with a combination of warm temperatures, high humidity, and seasonal rains that support its agricultural base.
Seasonal Overview:
- Cool Season: November – March (22°C – 28°C)
- Hot Season: March – May (28°C – 36°C)
- Rainy Season: May – October (24°C – 32°C, humidity up to 90%)
The average temperature is about 27°C, with the coolest months in December and January, and the warmest typically in April.
Economy
Kandal is a major driver of Cambodia’s economy, functioning as a manufacturing and agricultural belt around the capital. It is home to a large number of garment factories, contributing to Cambodia’s rise as the sixth-largest garment exporter globally as of 2007. The sector provides employment to over 500,000 workers, generating substantial income and export value.
In addition to industry, agriculture remains vital. The province produces rice, palm oil, peanuts, and pepper, among other crops, many of which are exported to international markets.
Kandal has also seen rapid real estate development, though with increasing attention to regulation. Projects such as the Longing Resort, once considered a luxury development, were dismantled in 2007 for overstepping land boundaries and posing structural risks.
Economic indicators remain strong, with the Asian Development Bank estimating Cambodia’s national growth rate at 9.5% in 2007 and 9% in 2008, while the government projected a steady 7% for both years.
Kandal stands as a province where history, culture, and commerce converge. Its proximity to Phnom Penh and access to major transportation routes make it a dynamic region for both tourism and industry. Whether visiting Udong’s ancient stupas, exploring rural pagodas, or observing the economic life of Cambodia’s garment hubs, Kandal offers both depth and diversity for those looking to experience the country beyond the capital.
