General Overview
Battambang is Cambodia’s second-largest city and the capital of Battambang Province, located in the northwest of the country. Established in the 11th century and formerly the capital of Monton Kmer, Battambang is steeped in history, culture, and tradition. Its name, derived from a local legend, means “loss of the staff,” referring to the mythical King Dambang Kranhoung.
Once Cambodia’s leading rice-producing region, Battambang remains an important agricultural hub today. With a current population of over 250,000 people in the city and more than a million across the province, the area offers a quiet and relaxed atmosphere complemented by elegant French colonial architecture along the Sangker River.
Battambang’s growing popularity among visitors stems from its combination of cultural heritage, accessible countryside, and architectural preservation. Once overlooked due to poor infrastructure, it is now becoming a preferred base for exploring surrounding temples, rural villages, and scenic hilltop sites.
Geography
Covering an area of 11,702 square kilometres, Battambang Province is bordered by Banteay Meanchey to the north, Thailand to the west, Pursat to the east and south, and the Tonle Sap Lake to the southeast. The province lies at an average elevation of 50 metres above sea level and is known for its vast and fertile rice plains—some of the most productive in Southeast Asia.
The city is strategically positioned on both the highway and rail line that connect Phnom Penh to Thailand, reinforcing its role as a vital link for commerce and transportation. The Sangker River runs through the city, enhancing its scenic beauty and providing a tranquil setting for riverside activity.
Population
As of 2007, Battambang had a population of 1,036,523, with 511,378 males and 525,145 females, accounting for 6.9% of Cambodia’s total population. The population density is 68 people per square kilometre, slightly higher than the national average. The province is home to diverse communities, many of whom are engaged in agriculture, trade, and small-scale manufacturing.
Culture and Attractions
Battambang stands out for its well-preserved French colonial buildings, serene atmosphere, and strong cultural identity. The city is a secondary transit point for overland travel between Thailand and Vietnam and provides convenient access to nearby landmarks such as:
- Phnom Banan and Wat Ek Phnom – ancient temple sites with panoramic views.
- Phnom Sampeau – a limestone hill known for its temples and historical sites.
- Battambang Provincial Museum – showcasing Angkorian-era artefacts.
- Local villages – offering authentic glimpses into rural Khmer life.
Riverside walks, sunset viewing, and exploration of traditional architecture are among the everyday pleasures in the city. The influence of neighbouring Thailand is noticeable, especially in the use of Thai Baht and the presence of Thai-speaking locals, though Battambang’s lifestyle remains deeply Khmer.
Climate
Battambang enjoys a tropical monsoon climate, marked by three main seasons:
- Rainy Season: June to October (temperatures below 31°C)
- Cool Season: November to February (temperatures around 26°C)
- Hot Season: March to May (temperatures ranging from 28°C to 35°C)
The province experiences moderate to heavy rainfall during the monsoon, vital for agriculture, especially rice farming.
Economy
Historically, Battambang has been a key contributor to Cambodia’s rice production and remains an agricultural stronghold today. The province is also known for its tropical fruits, particularly the renowned Battambang orange.
Key economic activities include:
- Agriculture: Rice, tropical fruits, and rubber plantations.
- Forestry: Timber became Cambodia’s top export in the mid-1990s.
- Mining: Extraction of limestone, salt, phosphate, and semiprecious stones.
- Trade: Due to its proximity to Thailand, Battambang benefits from cross-border trade and foreign investment.
The province has gradually diversified its economy with tourism, small industries, and cross-border commerce. Infrastructure improvements and peace have further enhanced its role in Cambodia’s economic landscape.
Battambang is a harmonious blend of historical depth, agricultural richness, and cultural vitality. Its riverside setting, elegant architecture, and welcoming communities make it a rewarding destination for travellers and an important province for Cambodia’s development. With a growing focus on heritage tourism and sustainable agriculture, Battambang continues to evolve while maintaining its authentic character.
