Kampong Thom is Cambodia’s second largest province by area, known for its rich historical significance, vibrant agricultural base, and tranquil riverside capital. Nestled in the central part of the Kingdom, this province offers visitors a blend of pre-Angkorian temples, abundant natural resources, and an authentic Cambodian rural atmosphere. The provincial capital, also called Kampong Thom, sits peacefully on the banks of the Stung Saen River and serves as a quiet stopover on National Highway No. 6, connecting Phnom Penh and Siem Reap.
History and Culture
Historically, Kampong Thom played a key role during the Funan period, serving as a powerful regional capital. The province is home to some of Cambodia’s oldest and most important archaeological sites, most notably the Sambor Prei Kuk temple complex, a pre-Angkorian capital of the Chenla Kingdom, and other Angkorian temples such as Preah Khan and Prasat Preah Vihear.
The name “Kampong Thom” is believed to have originated from the area’s folklore, where villagers often spotted giant snakes by a cave near the Sen River on religious holidays. Over time, the name evolved from “Kampong Pos Thom” (Port of the Great Snakes) to its current form.
Geography
Covering 15,061 square kilometers, Kampong Thom is centrally positioned, bordered by:
- Preah Vihear and Siem Reap to the north
- Kratie to the east
- Kampong Cham to the south
- Kampong Chhnang to the west
The province is divided by National Road No. 6:
- East of the road: 70% forested and upland terrain, ideal for agriculture, forestry, and livestock
- West of the road: 30% flat plains leading to Tonle Sap Lake, with excellent conditions for rice cultivation and inland fisheries
Kampong Thom also hosts two key conservation zones of the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve: Boeng Chhmar (14,560 ha) and Stung Saen (6,355 ha), making it important for ecological sustainability and biodiversity.
Population
As of 2007, Kampong Thom’s population stood at 708,398, accounting for 4.5% of Cambodia’s total population. The demographic distribution includes:
- 48.3% male (343,478)
- 51.7% female (364,920)
Occupationally:
- 85% are farmers
- 4.6% are engaged in fishing
- 15% are traders
- 0.97% are civil servants
This population is spread across 8 districts, 81 communes, and 737 villages, with most residents relying on agriculture and natural resources for their livelihoods.
Climate
Kampong Thom enjoys Cambodia’s typical tropical monsoon climate, making it ideal for farming and tourism.
Seasonal Breakdown:
- Cool Season (Nov–Mar): 20°C–28°C
- Hot Season (Mar–May): 30°C–35°C
- Rainy Season (May–Oct): 23°C–30°C, with humidity up to 90%
Rain typically falls in the afternoons and is generally mild in the mornings. While the coastal provinces receive heavier rainfall, Kampong Thom’s central lowland position averages about 1,400 mm annually, creating favorable conditions for crop cultivation and aquaculture.
Economy
Kampong Thom boasts a diversified and resource-rich economy anchored by:
- Agriculture: Primarily rice farming, supplemented by cashew nut production, which covers over 6,300 hectares.
- Fisheries: In 2003–04, the province harvested 18,800 tons of wild fish, ranking as one of Cambodia’s leading producers. An additional 1,800 tons were generated through aquaculture, particularly rice-field fish farming.
- Tourism: With over 200 ancient temples, as well as scenic rivers, forests, and lakes, the province holds strong potential for eco-tourism and cultural tourism.
Kampong Thom also engages in trade of local goods such as fruits, timber, and handicrafts, with growing interest in sustainable resource development.
Kampong Thom is a province where history, agriculture, and nature converge. Whether visiting the pre-Angkorian ruins of Sambor Prei Kuk, exploring the wetlands of Tonle Sap, or simply relaxing in the quiet capital along the river, Kampong Thom offers an authentic Cambodian experience. Its strategic location, coupled with a strong agricultural base and ecological diversity, positions it as an important province for both domestic progress and international tourism.
