Located in Cambodia’s far northwest, Oddar Meanchey is one of the country’s smaller provinces, sharing a long border with Thailand. Its name translates to “Victory Province,” reflecting a significant chapter in the region’s complex history. The provincial capital is Samraong, a growing administrative and trade hub. Once part of Thailand under the name Phanomsok, the territory was transferred to French Indochina in 1906 and later integrated into Cambodia. Oddar Meanchey was officially carved out of Siem Reap province, becoming a distinct province in recent decades.
Historical Context
Oddar Meanchey holds deep historical relevance, especially due to its role during Cambodia’s turbulent late 20th century. The Dangrek Mountains, which stretch across the province’s northern border, once served as a refuge for Khmer Rouge leaders during their final years. The area around Anlong Veng, a town within the province, was a stronghold of the movement and saw some of its most notable figures—including Pol Pot, Ta Mok, Nuon Chea, and Khieu Samphan—spend their final years there.
While remnants of that era remain—such as military relics, carved boulders, and old bunkers—the province has steadily moved forward, focusing on rebuilding infrastructure and fostering sustainable development. Today, Anlong Veng also serves as a gateway to the Choam and O Smach border crossings, linking Cambodia with Thailand.
Geography and Natural Features
Oddar Meanchey spans 6,158 square kilometers, and its terrain is shaped by the Dangrek Mountain range, which forms a natural border with Thailand. The province is bordered by Preah Vihear to the east, Banteay Meanchey to the west, and Siem Reap to the south.
A notable natural site is the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the southeastern part of the province. It is home to diverse flora and fauna, making it an important conservation area. The rest of the province consists mainly of agricultural land, although some areas still bear the impact of illegal logging from previous decades.
Population and Communities
According to 2007 provincial data, Oddar Meanchey has a population of approximately 102,835 residents, representing about 0.7% of Cambodia’s total population. The population is fairly balanced between 52,650 males and 50,185 females, with a low population density of 16.7 people per square kilometer, indicative of the province’s rural character.
The majority of residents live in small villages and are engaged in agriculture, while border towns are seeing increasing economic activity due to trade with Thailand.
Climate
Like much of Cambodia, Oddar Meanchey experiences a tropical monsoon climate, with warm temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. This climate supports year-round agriculture and is suitable for tourism development.
Seasonal overview:
- Cool Season: November – March (22°C – 28°C)
- Hot Season: March – May (27°C – 35°C)
- Rainy Season: May – October (24°C – 32°C; humidity up to 90%)
The average annual temperature is around 27°C, with April typically being the hottest month. Roads may become less accessible in the later part of the rainy season, so rural travel is best planned accordingly.
Economy and Development
Agriculture is the primary economic activity in Oddar Meanchey, accounting for around 93% of the local economy. Most residents are engaged in rice cultivation, crop farming, and livestock. A small portion of the population is involved in fishing, trading, and small-scale commerce.
Thanks to its location along the Thai border, cross-border trade has become increasingly important. Border checkpoints at O Smach and Choam are seeing rising commercial traffic, and initiatives from NGOs, Thai development agencies, and Cambodian authorities are supporting new infrastructure and economic programs.
Although the province faced significant challenges during past conflicts, today Oddar Meanchey is focusing on building a more resilient economy through agricultural development, trade facilitation, and environmental protection.
Oddar Meanchey offers a unique blend of historical depth, natural beauty, and quiet resilience. With its strategic location, emerging trade potential, and cultural heritage, the province is gradually transforming into a region of renewed opportunity. From the peaceful town of Samraong to the forested hills of Kulen Promtep and the historical landscapes of Anlong Veng, Oddar Meanchey is a place where Cambodia’s past meets its future.
