Located in the northwest of Cambodia, Siem Reap Province is the country’s premier tourism hub, home to the Angkor Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the world’s most iconic ancient temple complexes. The provincial capital, also named Siem Reap, lies on the shores of Tonle Sap Lake, Southeast Asia’s largest freshwater reserve.
The name “Siem Reap” translates to “Siamese Defeated,” commemorating a Khmer military victory over Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century. Over the past two decades, Siem Reap has transformed from a quiet provincial town into a thriving tourism-driven economy, welcoming over a million visitors annually.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Once a modest town with limited infrastructure and simple amenities, Siem Reap experienced rapid development in the early 2000s due to its proximity to the Angkor temple complex. While this growth brought modern facilities and job opportunities, it also altered the traditional character of the town. However, Siem Reap remains a charming and welcoming destination with a balance of ancient culture and modern comforts.
Visitors can explore an array of temples including Angkor Wat, Bayon, and Ta Prohm, as well as engage in cultural activities such as traditional performances, craft workshops, and culinary experiences. The Siem Reap River, originating from Phnom Kulen, flows through the province and into Tonle Sap Lake, supporting agriculture and fisheries along its path.
Geography
Siem Reap spans 10,299 square kilometres, bordered by Oddar Meanchey to the north, Preah Vihear and Kampong Thom to the east, Banteay Meanchey to the west, and Tonle Sap Lake to the south.
The southern part of the province features expansive lowland plains ideal for rice farming, while the north transitions into gentle hills and forests, particularly around Phnom Kulen, a site of religious and historical importance. The varied landscape supports both agriculture and eco-tourism.
Population
As of 2007, Siem Reap Province had a population of approximately 903,030 people, representing 6.3% of Cambodia’s total population. The gender distribution includes 440,395 males and 462,635 females, with a population density of 87.7 people per square kilometre. The population is primarily rural, with many families engaged in farming, fishing, or tourism-related work.
Climate
Siem Reap experiences a tropical monsoon climate, making it suitable for both tourism and agriculture throughout the year. The climate is divided into three main seasons:
- Cool Season (November – March): 23°C – 29°C
- Hot Season (March – May): 27°C – 37°C
- Rainy Season (May – October): 24°C – 33°C, with humidity reaching up to 90%
While the province is accessible year-round, travelers should note that road conditions may vary during the rainy season, particularly in rural areas.
Economy
Siem Reap’s economy is largely driven by international tourism, with the Angkor temples drawing millions of visitors. Since 2000, the province has experienced double-digit growth, creating opportunities across sectors such as hospitality, transport, retail, and entertainment.
The boom in tourism has led to a surge in investment in hotels, restaurants, and infrastructure. Local communities have benefited from increased employment opportunities, although income disparities remain, especially in rural areas.
Aside from tourism, fisheries play an essential role, with Tonle Sap providing a livelihood for many. Agriculture, including rice farming and fruit cultivation, continues to be a key source of income for rural households, though its share of the provincial economy is relatively smaller compared to tourism.
Siem Reap is much more than a gateway to Angkor—it is a vibrant province rich in culture, history, and natural beauty. From its world-renowned temple ruins and tranquil lakes to bustling night markets and traditional villages, the province offers a well-rounded experience for all types of visitors. As it continues to grow and modernize, Siem Reap remains a symbol of Cambodia’s enduring cultural legacy and hospitality.
