Location and Getting There
Prek Toal Bird Sanctuary lies at the north-western corner of Cambodia’s vast Tonlé Sap lake (Battambang Province), about 25–30 km west of Siem Reap by water. It is part of the Tonlé Sap Biosphere Reserve (a UNESCO site) and was designated a Ramsar wetland in 2015. The sanctuary comprises seasonally flooded freshwater forests, a rare ecosystem that hosts globally threatened waterbirds.
For visitors, the usual route is via Chong Kneas (Siem Reap’s floating village): most tours drive approximately 20–30 minutes from Siem Reap to the Chong Kneas boat terminal, then take a longtail boat for 1–2 hours across the lake to the Prek Toal research station. Alternatively, some tours travel via Pursat province – roughly 3–5 hours by road – and then continue by boat to Prek Toal. Early-morning departures (around 5–6 AM) are common so you can arrive at the sanctuary by 8–9 AM.
Sanctuary Overview
Prek Toal Bird Sanctuary is one of Southeast Asia’s most important ecological zones, renowned for its unique flooded forest ecosystem and exceptional biodiversity. Located within the Tonlé Sap Biosphere Reserve, the sanctuary spans between 21,000 and 31,000 hectares and serves as a vital breeding ground for large, globally threatened waterbirds. It is considered the most significant nesting site in the region for endangered species, particularly during the dry season when water levels drop and vast colonies of birds gather to breed.
The sanctuary is a haven for birdwatchers, with over 150 species recorded. Among the most notable are the Greater and Lesser Adjutant Storks, both critically endangered and recognized by their towering nests perched in the treetops. Visitors may also spot Milky Storks, Spot-billed Pelicans, Black-headed Ibises, Oriental Darters, and the striking Grey-headed Fish Eagles. Painted Storks and dense flocks of cormorants, herons, egrets, and terns are commonly seen from January through May, when bird activity is at its peak.
Beyond its avian residents, Prek Toal supports rich aquatic life and plant diversity, forming an essential part of the local ecosystem. These natural resources provide sustenance and livelihood for surrounding fishing communities. The sanctuary’s mix of ecological significance, rare wildlife, and traditional Khmer lake life makes it a compelling destination for nature lovers and conservation-minded travelers alike.
Best Time to Visit
The dry season, spanning roughly from December through April, is the optimal period to visit Prek Toal Bird Sanctuary. During this time, receding water levels reveal nesting islands, drawing thousands of waterbirds to breed and roost in dramatic numbers. December to February is particularly spectacular, with large flocks of birds in flight, excellent visibility for birdwatching, and relatively mild weather conditions. By late April or May, water levels may become too low for easy boat access to certain parts of the sanctuary, which can limit exploration.
For birdwatching and photography, the early morning and late afternoon hours are ideal. Birds are most active at dawn and dusk, and the soft golden light enhances both viewing and photography. Many tours offer overnight stays at the Prek Toal environmental research station or with local homestay families, allowing visitors to begin early excursions at first light. Sun protection is essential—visitors should bring high-SPF sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses, as long hours in uncovered boats under the tropical sun can be intense.
In summary, plan your visit between December and early March to experience the peak of bird activity. Arriving before sunrise will offer the best chance to witness the sanctuary’s vibrant birdlife. Be sure to pack a telephoto lens, binoculars, and adequate sun protection for a rewarding and comfortable visit.
Tour Options and Providers
Most visitors reach Prek Toal Bird Sanctuary through an organized boat tour from Siem Reap. These are typically offered as either day trips—with early morning pickups around 5–6 AM and return by late afternoon—or as overnight packages that include accommodation in floating village guesthouses or the environmental research station. Both private and small-group options are available.
Reputable providers include local NGOs and conservation-focused companies. Community-based groups like Prek Toal Tours & Travel (operated by villagers) and organizations such as Osmose Ecotours and Sam Veasna Conservation Tours are known for ethical birding experiences. Tours generally include hotel pickup from Siem Reap, private boat transfers across Tonlé Sap, a Khmer-English-speaking guide, meals, and park entrance fees.
A typical itinerary involves a pickup in Siem Reap around 5 AM, a 30-minute drive to Chong Kneas port, a longtail boat journey across the lake to Prek Toal arriving by 8 AM, followed by morning birdwatching, lunch at a floating village, and an optional paddle-boat tour through local waterways before returning in the late afternoon.
Inside the sanctuary, longtail boats are the standard mode of transport, while smaller skiffs may be used for navigating narrow channels. During high water levels, larger motorized boats may be employed for crossing the lake.
Local operators such as Prek Toal Tours & Travel emphasize sustainability and community benefits, while providers like Osmose and Sam Veasna offer experienced naturalist guides. Many hotels in Siem Reap, as well as travel agents, also offer Prek Toal tour packages.
Prices for day tours typically range from US$50–80 per person, with group rates often being more economical. Private charters may be more expensive. Always ensure the quoted price includes the official sanctuary entrance fee.
Entrance Fees and Permits
Prek Toal Bird Sanctuary requires an entrance fee to support conservation efforts. Currently, the cost is approximately US$20–25 per person for guided boat access to the sanctuary. For example, a tour for two people typically costs $25 per person, while groups of three or more often pay around $20 each. This fee includes both the boat and a licensed guide.
The funds collected contribute directly to local community development and bird protection programs. There are no additional camera permits or special foreigner fees, but all visitors must be accompanied by an official guide. The Ministry of Environment strictly enforces rules to avoid disturbing wildlife—climbing nesting trees or interfering with animals is prohibited.
To ensure compliance and proper support for conservation, it’s recommended to book your visit through a reputable tour operator, who will arrange the necessary permits and include the fee in the overall tour package.
Accommodation
Lodging in the Prek Toal area is very basic and rustic: there are no hotels on the lake, only simple guesthouses and station huts. Options include:
Prek Toal Environmental Research Station: The government-run research office has a dormitory with bunk beds. This is very basic (shared rooms, minimal bedding) but offers the advantage of staying inside the core area. Staying here costs around $10–20 per person and provides convenient pre-dawn access to the sanctuary.
Floating Village Homestays: Community-run homestays in Prek Toal village offer an authentic cultural experience. Guests sleep on mattresses in villagers’ stilt houses with shared bathrooms (usually bucket-flush latrines). These accommodations are simple but comfortable, with mosquito nets, towels, and clean drinking water typically provided. Prek Toal Home Stay is one such locally owned option welcoming tourists for a modest fee.
Nearby Hotels: For those who prefer more comfort, it’s best to stay in Siem Reap or Pursat. These towns offer modern hotels and amenities, and from there you can take an early morning boat tour to the sanctuary. Siem Reap is the most popular base for Prek Toal day trips due to its tourist infrastructure.
In all accommodations, visitors are advised to bring their own toiletries and a sleeping bag or travel sheet if desired. Electricity in the floating village is limited or generator-powered, and water is sourced from the lake, so it’s best to drink only bottled or boiled water.
Practical Travel Tips
Clothing: Wear lightweight, quick-dry clothing. Long sleeves and pants are recommended to protect against the sun and mosquitoes. A wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses are essential for sun protection. Since temperatures can be high, opt for light-colored clothes and pack a light rain jacket in case of showers.
Footwear: Non-slip, water-resistant shoes are best, as riverboats can splash and some trails may be muddy. Expect to board and disembark boats and possibly walk short distances on uneven ground.
Gear: A long telephoto lens (300 mm or more) is ideal for bird photography, and a tripod or monopod can help stabilize shots from a boat. Binoculars are essential for spotting distant birds. Waterproof covers for camera equipment or a dry bag are recommended, as you’ll be on the water for much of the trip. Pack extra batteries and memory cards, as there are no shops once you leave Siem Reap.
Sun & Bugs: Apply high-SPF sunscreen and insect repellent generously. Dengue fever and other mosquito-borne diseases are present in Cambodia. If staying overnight, consider bringing a mosquito net. A small first-aid kit, motion-sickness medication, and any necessary personal medicine are also advisable, as facilities are limited.
Health: Do not drink the lake water. Bring bottled or purified water—most tours include some, but it’s wise to carry extra. Be cautious with food from open-air sources and ensure it’s properly cooked. There is no on-site medical clinic, so travel insurance is highly recommended.
Money: Bring cash in small US dollar bills for tips, snacks, and souvenirs in the village. There are no ATMs or money exchange facilities at Prek Toal. Tour fees are typically paid in advance or collected at the start of the trip.
Safety: Always wear your life jacket while on boats, which are generally provided and required. Boats are usually safe but can rock; remain seated and keep hands and feet inside. Do not attempt to feed or touch wildlife. Follow your guide’s instructions and respect sanctuary rules to help protect this delicate ecosystem.
Eco-Tourism & Community Programs
Prek Toal is a model of community-based conservation, where local NGOs and village initiatives work together to promote sustainable tourism. These programs aim to protect the environment while supporting local livelihoods. One such initiative is led by Osmose, a French NGO that organizes ecotourism trips to Prek Toal, with proceeds funding environmental education and community development. Another example is Prek Toal Tours & Travel, a village-owned, not-for-profit tour company that ensures tourism revenue stays within the community.
Initiatives like Saray Tonle Ecotourism involve villagers in eco-friendly crafts such as water hyacinth weaving, while also training them as guides. These activities provide alternative incomes and reduce the need for environmentally harmful practices. As a result, tourism helps fund local schools, health clinics, and bird conservation efforts, including the protection of endangered bird species from poaching.
Travelers can support these meaningful efforts by booking tours through local operators, purchasing handmade crafts directly from artisans, and showing respect for local culture and traditions during their visit.
Nearby Attractions and Activities
Many visitors combine their trip to Prek Toal with other experiences around the Tonlé Sap Lake. Popular side trips include boat excursions to floating villages such as Kampong Phluk, known for its flooded mangrove forests and towering stilt houses, and Chong Khneas, a more developed village with a lakeside market and accessible boat terminals. Kampong Khleang, located north of Siem Reap, offers a more remote and less commercialized alternative, with dramatic wooden homes built high on stilts.
These excursions can be added before or after your Prek Toal visit or enjoyed as standalone half-day trips. Since most Prek Toal tours depart from Siem Reap, travelers also have the opportunity to explore the city’s world-famous cultural landmarks. The Angkor Archaeological Park, including Angkor Wat, Bayon, and Ta Prohm, is only 30–40 km away. In Siem Reap itself, you can enjoy vibrant night markets, scenic lakefront sunsets, or traditional cultural performances like the Cambodian Circus.
If you’re traveling via Battambang, consider visiting its unique attractions such as the bamboo train, local temples like Phnom Banan, and rural countryside tours. In summary, a visit to Prek Toal offers not only exceptional birdwatching and immersion in natural ecosystems but also a chance to explore Cambodia’s rich cultural heritage. By combining your visit with nearby natural and historical sites, you can create a diverse and rewarding travel itinerary while supporting local communities and conservation efforts in the Tonlé Sap region.
