History & Significance: Khmer New Year (Chaul Chnam Thmey or Bonn Choul Chhnam Thmey) literally means “Entering the New Year.” It is Cambodia’s most important holiday, rooted in ancient Hindu–Buddhist traditions. Legend holds that a celestial angel descends at New Year to bring good fortune and rain for the harvest. The festival also marks the end of the dry season and the post-harvest lull. After being suppressed during the Khmer Rouge era, the New Year’s celebrations were enthusiastically restored after 1979.
Key Dates and Duration: Khmer New Year follows the traditional lunisolar calendar, typically falling on April 13–15 each year. The official holiday lasts three days (sometimes a fourth), with New Year’s Day usually on April 13 or 14. For example, in 2024 the festival ran from April 14–16. Many businesses close for the entire period. Exact dates vary yearly (by astrological calculations), so check the local calendar: in 2025 it falls on April 14–16.
Traditional Customs and Rituals of Khmer New Year
Khmer New Year, or Chaul Chnam Thmey, is one of Cambodia’s most vibrant and culturally rich festivals. Celebrated over three days in mid-April, it marks both the start of a new year and the end of the traditional harvest season. Each day of the festival has distinct customs rooted in Buddhist and Hindu traditions, making it a deeply spiritual and joyous time.
Day 1: Maha Sangkran
The celebrations begin with thorough house cleaning and the creation of home altars. Families decorate their homes with flowers, candles, and banana-leaf arrangements. A Buddha image is placed at the center of the altar, surrounded by offerings such as fruit, incense, food, and a bowl of scented water.
This first day is about spiritual preparation. People visit temples (wats) to pray, give alms to monks, and build sand stupas—small, cone-shaped mounds of sand on temple grounds. These stupas are decorated with colorful flags and flowers, and each handful of sand placed is believed to bring merit and blessings for the year ahead.
Day 2: Virak Vanabat
The second day focuses on acts of kindness and respect. Cambodians offer gifts to their elders—parents, grandparents, and senior family members. Many people donate food, clothing, or money to monks and those in need.
It’s also a day for remembrance. Families return to the temples to make offerings dedicated to deceased ancestors. As the sun sets, more sand is added to the stupas, and monks bless families with prayers for happiness and peace.
During this time, playful activities like throwing talcum powder and water balloons begin, particularly among children and young adults. However, the water festivities are generally more subdued compared to similar events in neighboring countries.
Day 3: Veareak Laeung Sak
The final day marks the official “arrival” of the new year. Devotees visit temples once again for final blessings. The most symbolic ritual of the day is Pithi Srâng Preăh—the ceremonial washing of Buddha images, monks, and elders with fragrant water.
Younger people pour perfumed water over the hands of monks, parents, and grandparents as a sign of gratitude and to ask for their blessings for the year ahead. The ritual is deeply symbolic, believed to wash away bad luck and welcome a clean, fresh start.
As the ritual concludes, the mood shifts to celebration. Water fights break out in temple courtyards and villages. Buckets, water guns, and laughter fill the air as everyone joins in—children, adults, and even monks. This joyful chaos is seen as a symbolic cleansing, welcoming rain, renewal, and good fortune.
Water Splashes and Public Celebrations
Throughout the Khmer New Year holiday, Cambodians celebrate with spirited water splashing and vibrant street festivities. In major cities like Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, public squares and boulevards turn into lively water “battle zones,” where locals and tourists alike joyfully drench one another using water guns, buckets, and hoses.
The streets come alive with music, traditional dancing, and community games. Many towns and cities organize large-scale public events to mark the occasion. For instance, Phnom Penh’s “Sangkrant Wat Phnom” festival features parades with traditional statues, Apsara dance performances, folk games, live music, and food fairs.
These urban celebrations often combine cultural showcases with playful rituals such as water and powder fights—symbolizing purification and renewal. Citywide “walk-street” events, night markets, and riverside concerts draw thousands of participants and spectators.
Despite the playful chaos, the atmosphere remains warm, festive, and deeply communal, reflecting the joyful spirit and cultural pride of Khmer New Year.
Traditional Games and Dances
Traditional games and dances are an essential part of Khmer New Year (Chaul Chnam Thmey), adding joy and cultural depth to the celebrations.
In villages and temple courtyards, locals gather to play age-old Khmer games that encourage both teamwork and laughter. Among the most popular are bos angkunh, a seed-throwing game; chas, a version of hide-and-seek; and teang prot, a classic tug-of-war. These games are lively, engaging, and help keep both the mind and body active during the holiday break.
At the same time, cultural performances bring Cambodia’s artistic heritage to life. Classical Apsara dance, known for its graceful hand movements and traditional costumes, is often performed at temples and public stages. Folk dances and chapei dong veng performances—a traditional form of storytelling using a long-necked guitar—add rhythm and narrative to the festivities.
In many towns, it’s common to see young people in traditional dress dancing in joyful circles during the day, while in the evening, masked dancers portraying mythical characters parade through the streets, continuing centuries-old traditions. These vibrant customs offer visitors a chance to witness the living spirit of Cambodian culture during one of its most festive times of the year.
Food and Specialties
Khmer New Year is a time for sharing meals that symbolize prosperity, community, and good fortune. Families gather to prepare and enjoy traditional dishes that are closely tied to Cambodian heritage.
- Kralan (ក្រឡាន) – A beloved New Year snack made of sticky rice mixed with black beans or peas, grated coconut, and coconut milk. It’s packed tightly into a bamboo tube and slowly roasted over an open flame, creating a smoky, flavorful treat.
- Num Ansom (នំអស្សនមី) – A sweet sticky rice cake wrapped in banana leaves, typically filled with banana or mung beans. It’s steamed until tender and enjoyed as a festive dessert or offering.
- Samlor Machu (សម្លរម្ជូរ) – A tangy and refreshing soup made with tamarind or pineapple, often cooked with fish. It’s usually served on Day 3 of the festival to symbolize cleansing and renewal for the year ahead.
- Other Seasonal Treats – Grilled meats, coconut-based sweets, and fresh tropical fruits are common at temple fairs and family gatherings. In different regions, you might also come across local favorites like nom kompaing (fried sticky rice cakes) or chanh chov (pickled fruit or vegetables), sold at street stalls during the celebrations.
Top Destinations for Celebrating Khmer New Year
When visiting Cambodia during Khmer New Year, several destinations across the country offer unique and festive experiences:
Siem Reap / Angkor
The Angkor temple complex becomes a spiritual and cultural heart of the New Year celebrations. Events like Angkor Sankranta bring thousands of locals and tourists together for traditional games, Apsara dance shows, and sunrise ceremonies at Angkor Wat. In Siem Reap town, Pub Street and the Old Market transform into lively hubs with music, food booths, and water play. Pilgrims often arrive on ox carts or buses, circling the temples while engaging in joyful water and talcum powder rituals.
Phnom Penh
Cambodia’s capital is filled with city-wide celebrations, particularly along the riverside. Wat Phnom hosts major ceremonies, and the Prime Minister often makes appearances. Visitors can enjoy fireworks, live concerts, and pedestrian-only “walk street” events. Many restaurants extend their hours or offer New Year menus. However, since many residents return to their home provinces, some areas of the city may be quieter during the holiday.
Battambang
This laid-back riverside town offers a more traditional and local version of the festival. Instead of big parties, you’ll find community games, pagoda rituals, and cultural performances. Battambang is ideal for travelers seeking authentic New Year customs like sand stupa building, folk dances, and merit-making with monks – all without the heavy crowds.
Sihanoukville & Coastal Areas
Cambodia’s beaches take on a festive atmosphere during the New Year. In Sihanoukville, beach parties and waterfront concerts complement temple visits and local offerings. On nearby islands like Koh Rong and Koh Rong Samloem, travelers enjoy beachfront celebrations with music, bonfires, and dancing. Sunsets and beach barbecues make for unforgettable moments, but accommodations can fill quickly, so early booking is recommended.
Other Regions
Every village, town, and province in Cambodia celebrates in its own way. Local temples build sand stupas, host blessings, and organize games. Rural highways are often lined with family picnics, while community gatherings offer warm hospitality and traditional foods. No matter where you are, you’ll find welcoming locals, joyful customs, and a deeply cultural experience.
Travel Logistics (Accommodation & Transport)
Planning ahead is essential when traveling during Khmer New Year. Accommodation in popular cities like Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and coastal areas can sell out weeks in advance. Make reservations early and confirm all bookings before your trip. While most hotels and larger guesthouses remain open, some local businesses and services may close or operate with reduced staff during the three-day holiday.
Transport is especially busy, as most Cambodians return to their hometowns and villages. Bus terminals, taxis, and ferry ports are crowded in the days leading up to the holiday. Domestic flights may add extra services, but seats are limited and often booked out—reserve well in advance.
On the roads, expect major congestion, particularly on the eve of the New Year. Highways are filled with everything from motorbikes and family vans to ox carts and trucks loaded with celebrants. It’s common to see people playfully splashing water on passing vehicles, adding a chaotic but festive element to road travel.
Within cities, traffic might actually be lighter during the actual holiday, but taxis, tuk-tuks, and rideshare availability can be limited during peak celebration hours.
Helpful Tips:
- Carry printed or saved copies of all itineraries and bookings.
- Build extra time into your travel schedule in case of delays.
- Bring enough cash for the holiday period, as ATMs may run low and banks will be closed.
- Pack snacks and bottled water for long road journeys, especially in rural areas where services may be minimal.
- Consider booking a holiday shuttle or group tour package if you prefer a hassle-free experience.
Cultural Etiquette for Visitors
Khmer New Year is a deeply spiritual and family-centered holiday. While it’s a time of joy and celebration, it’s also rooted in religious customs and respect for elders. Visitors are encouraged to participate with sensitivity and awareness of local traditions.
Respect religious practices:
Temples (wats) play a central role during the New Year. Visitors should behave respectfully—remove hats and shoes when entering, keep voices low, and never interrupt people in prayer. Cambodians typically kneel and bow three times before a Buddha image. You’re welcome to do the same. Always treat religious statues and offerings with care.
Honor elders:
Water rituals are a highlight of the festival. While younger people may engage in playful water fights, for elders, the act of gently pouring water over hands or shoulders is a sacred blessing. Never splash someone—especially an older person or monk—without their clear invitation. Ice-cold water or aggressive splashing can be seen as disrespectful.
Greetings and gift-giving:
Greet locals with a gentle “Choum reap suor” and a slight bow, hands pressed together. When offering gifts—such as food, incense, or flowers—use both hands. If giving something with one hand, support the right hand with the left as a sign of respect.
Photography:
Photos are generally welcomed at public celebrations, but always ask permission before photographing individuals, especially elders, monks, or anyone involved in rituals. Avoid taking pictures during private prayer or inside shrines unless clearly allowed. Flash photography inside temples is discouraged. Respect boundaries—if someone gestures “no,” put the camera down with a smile.
General behavior:
While Khmer New Year is festive, excessive drinking or rowdy conduct is frowned upon, especially around religious areas. During blessings or offerings, quiet reflection is expected. Loud music and dancing take place in designated areas, not inside or near temples.
Dress modestly:
Cover shoulders and knees, particularly when visiting temples or joining in spiritual rituals. Even during street celebrations, respectful clothing is appreciated.
Attire, Weather Conditions, and Safety
Attire:
April is the hottest month in Cambodia, so it’s essential to dress in light, breathable fabrics like cotton or linen. Bright colors are commonly worn during the New Year celebrations, and many Cambodians choose new outfits to welcome good luck. While traditional attire such as the sampot for women or long-sleeve shirts and scarves (krama) for men is common, visitors can comfortably wear long skirts or pants and loose-fitting tops. When visiting temples, modesty is important—shoulders and knees should always be covered. A krama (checked scarf) is not only a cultural symbol but also practical for sun protection or use as a towel. Don’t forget a wide-brimmed hat or umbrella to shield from sun or unexpected showers.
Weather:
Expect scorching temperatures, often reaching the mid-30s°C (around 95°F), with high humidity. Although mornings are usually dry, late April may bring occasional afternoon showers. Make sure to stay hydrated, wear sunscreen, and carry sunglasses or a sun hat when heading outdoors. If you’re participating in parades, dances, or water fights, take regular breaks to cool off and avoid heat exhaustion.
Safety:
Khmer New Year is generally a safe and welcoming time to travel, but basic precautions are advised. In crowded areas and during water celebrations, keep your belongings secure to avoid pickpocketing. Avoid taking motorbike taxis after dark, as drivers may be celebrating and not fully alert. If you’re riding a scooter, always wear a helmet and be cautious—road accidents tend to increase during the holidays. Plan your travel during daylight hours and try to avoid long-distance trips at night.
Many temples burn incense and candles during rituals, so be mindful around open flames or small bonfires. At popular heritage sites like Angkor Wat, watch out for mischievous monkeys who may attempt to grab personal items like cameras or snacks. Also, remember that drone use is regulated—permits may be required in certain locations.
Photography and Participation Guidelines
Tourists are welcome and encouraged to join Khmer New Year’s public celebrations—such as water splashing, traditional dances, and community games—provided they participate with respect and sensitivity. If you take part in a water fight, remember that for many Cambodians this is not just play, but a symbolic act of blessing. Always splash water gently, and only toward those clearly participating. Avoid targeting the elderly, young children, or anyone not engaged in the activity.
At religious ceremonies and family rituals, visitors should observe quietly unless invited to join. Participation should always be based on mutual respect and cultural understanding.
Tips for Ethical Photography:
- Ask First: Always ask permission before taking close-up photos of individuals, especially monks, elders, or children. A warm smile and a gesture toward your camera will usually be enough to receive a polite nod or decline.
- Shrines and Ceremonies: Avoid using flash inside pagodas or during solemn rituals. If people are performing blessings or pouring water over elders, photograph from a respectful distance rather than intruding into the sacred moment.
- Focus on Festivities: General crowd scenes, traditional dances, food stalls, sand stupas, and public processions are great subjects. Capture the energy of the celebration without invading personal space or disrupting events.
- At Temples: Major sites like Angkor Wat generally allow photography in outdoor areas. However, visitors should stay on marked paths and avoid climbing structures for photos. Drone use is often restricted and may require a permit—check local guidelines beforehand.
- Be Mindful of Context: Even in the midst of fun, be sensitive to the cultural significance of what you’re documenting. Avoid treating spiritual acts as mere photo opportunities. Splashing water on people who are engaged in prayer or meditation is not appropriate, and excessive photography of private or emotional moments can feel invasive.
By respecting local customs, asking before photographing, and participating in a spirit of cultural appreciation, travelers can enjoy the vibrant Khmer New Year while contributing to a positive and respectful exchange.
Khmer Glossary of Festival Terms
- Chaul Chnam Thmey (ចូលឆ្នាំថ្មី) – “Entering the New Year.” The Khmer term for Khmer New Year itself.
- Maha Sangkran (មហាសង្គ្រាន្ត) – “Great Sankranta.” The first day of the New Year festival, marking the end of the old year and welcoming the new one.
- Veareak Vanabat (វារៈវ័នបត្រ) – The second day of New Year, dedicated to acts of charity, honoring elders, and remembering ancestors.
- Veareak Laeung Sak (វារៈឡើងស័ក) – The third day (“ascending year”), when people perform rituals to bless the new year, including water ceremonies for elders and monks.
- Pithi Srâng Preăh (ពិធីស្រង់ព្រះ) – The “Royal Bathing Ceremony” held on Day 3, involving the ceremonial pouring of scented water over sacred Buddha statues and respected elders.
- Srăng Preăh (ស្រង់ព្រះ) – Literally “pouring over the sacred.” Refers to the act of gently pouring water on elders and monks to seek blessings.
- Chedi (ដីឈីទេ) – A stupa. In this context, it refers to the small, symbolic sand stupas built at pagodas during the festival to gain merit.
- Apsara (អប្សរា) – Celestial dancer. A traditional Khmer dance form that is widely performed during New Year festivities.
- Kralan (ក្រឡាន) – A popular New Year snack made from sticky rice, coconut, and beans, roasted inside bamboo tubes.
- Num Ansom (នំអស្សនមី) – A festive sticky rice cake wrapped in banana leaves and filled with banana or mung beans, often made in pyramid shapes.
- Angkor Sankranta (អង្គរសង្ក្រាន្ត) – A modern New Year celebration event held at the Angkor temple complex, combining cultural performances, games, and public festivities.
